[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/cerne-diry\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/cerne-diry\/","headline":"\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry","name":"\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry","description":"Slovy lodn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de z\u00a0jednoho nejmenovan\u00e9ho scifi seri\u00e1lu, hlavn\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry je to, \u017ee je \u010dern\u00e1. \u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry samy o sob\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b nejsou vid\u011bt. A d\u016fvod je tento, v\u0161ichni si asi dovedeme p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 t\u011bleso t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed silou p\u0159itahuje okoln\u00ed hmotu, \u010dlov\u011bk v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na Zemi 75","datePublished":"2019-11-22","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45cce3ff3a69e980af55a575ffd049b1ca7466e42c95228e9726614e4b91f633?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45cce3ff3a69e980af55a575ffd049b1ca7466e42c95228e9726614e4b91f633?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bawaria.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a359265_w3919_t1573318162.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a359265_w3919_t1573318162.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/cerne-diry\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":492,"articleBody":"Slovy lodn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de z\u00a0jednoho nejmenovan\u00e9ho scifi seri\u00e1lu, hlavn\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry je to, \u017ee je \u010dern\u00e1. \u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry samy o sob\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b nejsou vid\u011bt. A d\u016fvod je tento, v\u0161ichni si asi dovedeme p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 t\u011bleso t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed silou p\u0159itahuje okoln\u00ed hmotu, \u010dlov\u011bk v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na Zemi 75 kg, v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edci pouze 12,4 kg, kde\u017eto t\u0159eba na Jupiteru u\u017e by to bylo 177 kg a na povrchu slunce 2,1 tuny.Tato hodnota nez\u00e1vis\u00ed jen na mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty, ale tak\u00e9 na pr\u016fm\u011bru, do jak\u00e9ho je tato hmota stla\u010dena, zhruba plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzda a \u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edla. Albert Einstein ov\u0161em p\u0159i\u0161el na to, \u017ee tato z\u00e1vislost neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b Newtonovu gravita\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1konu, jin\u00fdmi slovy p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e1 s\u00edla dos\u00e1hne nekone\u010dn\u00e9 velikosti u\u017e p\u0159i kone\u010dn\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru t\u011blesa. D\u00e1le, sv\u011btlo i kdy\u017e to zn\u00ed n\u011bkomu mo\u017en\u00e1 podivn\u011b, m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 svou hmotnost, by\u0165 zcela nepatrnou, proto kdy\u017e osv\u011btl\u00edme \u010dernou d\u00edru, stane se toto, jakmile sv\u011btlo dos\u00e1hne jej\u00edho povrchu stane se s\u00edla p\u0159ita\u017elivosti nekone\u010dnou a neunikne j\u00ed ani sv\u011btlo. V\u00a0podstat\u011b existuj\u00ed dva druhy pozorovan\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br, ty, kter\u00e9 vznikly z\u00a0hv\u011bzd, a ty kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0j\u00e1drech galaxi\u00ed a dr\u017e\u00ed je svou p\u0159ita\u017elivost\u00ed pohromad\u011b. V\u00a0prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to jednoduch\u00e9, hv\u011bzdy jsou tak obrovsk\u00e1 t\u011blesa s\u00a0tak silnou p\u0159ita\u017elivost\u00ed, \u017ee aby mohly existovat v\u00a0podob\u011b sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00edch plynn\u00fdch koul\u00ed mus\u00ed tu b\u00fdt s\u00edla kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed proti gravitaci a tuto s\u00edlu generuj\u00ed termojadern\u00e9 reakce v\u00a0j\u00e1dru hv\u011bzdy, palivo se ov\u0161em jednoho dne vy\u010derp\u00e1 a hv\u011bzda se za\u010dne hroutit do sebe, pokud je dostate\u010dn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, alespo\u0148 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slunce, tak p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e1 s\u00edla roste rychleji ne\u017e odpor, kter\u00fd j\u00ed klade stla\u010dovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l.Z\u00a0takov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy t\u0159eba i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e na\u0161e slunce se nakonec stane doslova d\u00edra v\u00a0prostoru i \u010dasu o pr\u016fm\u011bru jen n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f, pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se stala \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra z\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed star\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 Zem\u011b, bylo by t\u0159eba ji celou stla\u010dit do pr\u016fm\u011bru necel\u00e9ho jednoho centimetru. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Galaktick\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra jde o ob\u0159\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru o hmotnosti mili\u00f3n\u016f slunc\u00ed, Takov\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pr\u016fm\u011br i mnoho sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let (pro po\u0159\u00e1dek, sv\u011bteln\u00fd rok je vzd\u00e1lenost, kterou sv\u011bteln\u00fd paprsek ulet\u00ed za rok).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.6\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry","item":"https:\/\/www.bawaria.cz\/cerne-diry\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]